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Animal: RNA Viruses |
Virology Program, Infectious Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Rm 3N71, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500, USA1
Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA2
Author for correspondence: Kanakatte Raviprakash. Fax +1 301 319 7451. e-mail ravik{at}nmripo.nmri.nnmc.navy.mil
A candidate DNA vaccine expressing dengue virus type 1 pre-membrane and envelope proteins was used to immunize rhesus macaques. Monkeys were immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) or intradermally (i.d.) by three or four 1 mg doses of vaccine, respectively. Monkeys that were inoculated i.m. seroconverted more quickly and had higher antibody levels than those that were inoculated i.d. The sera exhibited virus-neutralizing activity, which declined over time. Four of the eight i.m.-inoculated monkeys were protected completely from developing viraemia when challenged 4 months after the last dose with homologous dengue virus. The other four monkeys had reduced viraemia compared with the control immunized monkeys. The i.d.-inoculated monkeys showed no reduction in viraemia when challenged with the virus. All vaccinated monkeys showed an anamnestic antibody response, indicating that they had established immunological memory. Vaccine-induced antibody had an avidity index similar to that of antibody induced by virus infection; however, no clear correlation was apparent between antibody avidity and virus neutralization titres.
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