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N-Glycans on the short ectodomain of the primary envelope glycoprotein play a major role in the polyclonal activation of B cells by lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus

Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA¹
Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Molecular Microbiology & Immunology Group, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA²

Author for correspondence: Peter Plagemann. Fax +1 612 626 0623. e-mail plag001{at}tc.umn.edu

The common biologically cloned isolates of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV-P and LDV-vx) invariably cause a polyclonal activation of B cells in immunocompetent mice. It is recognized by an at least 10-fold increase in plasma IgG2a levels and the de novo formation of immune complexes that most likely consist of autoantibodies and their antigens. The present study indicates that three closely spaced N-glycans on the short ectodomain of the primary envelope glycoprotein, VP-3P, of LDV-P/vx, play a major role in inducing the polyclonal proliferation of B cells. IFN- then seems to mediate the differentiation of the activated B cells to IgG2a-producing plasma cells. These conclusions are based on the finding that the IgG2a hypergammaglobulinaemia and immune complex formation were much lower in mice that were infected with LDV variants (LDV-C and LDV-v) whose VP-3P ectodomains lack two of the three N-glycans than in LDV-P/vx infected mice. In contrast, the VP-3P ectodomains of three neutralization escape variants of LDV-C/v whose VP-3P ectodomains possess three N-glycosylation sites caused a polyclonal activation of B cells comparable to that of LDV-P/vx.

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