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Complete nucleotide sequence and host range of South African cassava mosaic virus: further evidence for recombination amongst begomoviruses

Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa¹
Department of Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa²

Author for correspondence: Leigh Berrie. Present address: Department of Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa. Fax +27 21 689 7573. e-mail Leigh{at}molbiol.UCT.ac.za

Complete nucleotide sequences of the DNA-A (2800 nt) and DNA-B (2760 nt) components of a novel cassava-infecting begomovirus, South African cassava mosaic virus (SACMV), were determined and compared with various New World and Old World begomoviruses. SACMV is most closely related to East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV) in both its DNA-A (85% with EACMV-MH and -MK) and -B (90% with EACMV-UG2-Mld and EACMV-UG3-Svr) components; however, percentage sequence similarities of less than 90% in the DNA-A component allowed SACMV to be considered a distinct virus. One significant recombination event spanning the entire AC4 open reading frame was identified; however, there was no evidence of recombination in the DNA-B component. Infectivity of the cloned SACMV genome was demonstrated by successful agroinoculation of cassava and three other plant species (Phaseolus vulgaris, Malva parviflora and Nicotiana benthamiana). This is the first description of successful infection of cassava with a geminivirus using Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

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