| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Other Agents |
Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK1
Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UK2
Author for correspondence: Nora Hunter. Fax +44 131 668 3872. e-mail nora.hunter{at}bbsrc.ac.uk
Attempts to detect infectivity in the blood of humans and animals affected with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs or prion diseases) have often been inconclusive because of the limitations of cross-species bioassays and the small volumes of blood that can be injected by the intracerebral route. A model has been developed for the experimental study of TSE transmission by blood transfusion using sheep experimentally infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or natural scrapie as donors and susceptible scrapie-free sheep as recipients. Donors and recipients of the same species greatly increase the sensitivity of the bioassay and in sheep large volumes of blood can be injected by the intravenous (i.v.) route. Transmission of BSE to a single animal using this approach was reported recently. This study confirms this result with a second transmission of BSE and four new cases of transmission of natural scrapie. Positive transmissions occurred with blood taken at pre-clinical and clinical stages of infection. Initial studies indicate that following such infection by the i.v. route, deposition of the abnormal prion protein isoform, PrPSc, in peripheral tissues may be much more limited than is seen following oral infection. These results confirm the risks of TSE infection via blood products and suggest that the measures taken to restrict the use of blood in the UK have been fully justified.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  L. A. Terry, L. Howells, J. Hawthorn, J. C. Edwards, S. J. Moore, S. J. Bellworthy, H. Simmons, S. Lizano, L. Estey, V. Leathers, et al. Detection of PrPsc in Blood from Sheep Infected with the Scrapie and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Agents J. Virol., December 1, 2009; 83(23): 12552 - 12558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Stack, L. Gonzalez, M. Jeffrey, S. Martin, C. Macaldowie, M. Chaplin, J. Thorne, R. Sayers, L. Davis, J. Bramwell, et al. Three serial passages of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in sheep do not significantly affect discriminatory test results J. Gen. Virol., March 1, 2009; 90(3): 764 - 768. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. McGovern, S. Martin, L. Gonzalez, J. Witz, and M. Jeffrey Frequency and Distribution of Nerves in Scrapie-affected and Unaffected Peyer's Patches and Lymph Nodes Vet. Pathol., March 1, 2009; 46(2): 233 - 240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Di Bari, F. Chianini, G. Vaccari, E. Esposito, M. Conte, S. L. Eaton, S. Hamilton, J. Finlayson, P. J. Steele, M. P. Dagleish, et al. The bank vole (Myodes glareolus) as a sensitive bioassay for sheep scrapie J. Gen. Virol., December 1, 2008; 89(12): 2975 - 2985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Thorne and L. A. Terry In vitro amplification of PrPSc derived from the brain and blood of sheep infected with scrapie J. Gen. Virol., December 1, 2008; 89(12): 3177 - 3184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Houston, S. McCutcheon, W. Goldmann, A. Chong, J. Foster, S. Siso, L. Gonzalez, M. Jeffrey, and N. Hunter Prion diseases are efficiently transmitted by blood transfusion in sheep Blood, December 1, 2008; 112(12): 4739 - 4745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Gonzalez, M. P. Dagleish, S. Martin, G. Dexter, P. Steele, J. Finlayson, and M. Jeffrey Diagnosis of preclinical scrapie in live sheep by the immunohistochemical examination of rectal biopsies Vet Rec., March 29, 2008; 162(13): 397 - 403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Andrievskaia, J. Algire, A. Balachandran, and K. Nielsen Prion protein in sheep urine J Vet Diagn Invest, March 1, 2008; 20(2): 141 - 146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. G. Kovacs and H. Budka Prion Diseases: From Protein to Cell Pathology Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2008; 172(3): 555 - 565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Barron, S. L. Campbell, D. King, A. Bellon, K. E. Chapman, R. A. Williamson, and J. C. Manson High Titers of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Infectivity Associated with Extremely Low Levels of PrPSc in Vivo J. Biol. Chem., December 7, 2007; 282(49): 35878 - 35886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. D. Zabel, M. Heikenwalder, M. Prinz, I. Arrighi, P. Schwarz, J. Kranich, A. von Teichman, K. M. Haas, N. Zeller, T. F. Tedder, et al. Stromal Complement Receptor CD21/35 Facilitates Lymphoid Prion Colonization and Pathogenesis J. Immunol., November 1, 2007; 179(9): 6144 - 6152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Murayama, M. Yoshioka, H. Okada, M. Takata, T. Yokoyama, and S. Mohri Urinary excretion and blood level of prions in scrapie-infected hamsters J. Gen. Virol., October 1, 2007; 88(10): 2890 - 2898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Everest, S. Waterhouse, T. Kelly, E. Velo-Rego, and M. J. Sauer Effectiveness of capillary electrophoresis fluoroimmunoassay of blood PrpSc for evaluation of scrapie pathogenesis in Sheep J Vet Diagn Invest, September 1, 2007; 19(5): 552 - 557. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. P. Lipscomb, R. Herve, K. Harris, H. Pinchin, R. Collin, and C. W. Keevil Amyloid-specific fluorophores for the rapid, sensitive in situ detection of prion contamination on surgical instruments J. Gen. Virol., September 1, 2007; 88(9): 2619 - 2626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. R Fryer, M. Baylis, K. Sivam, and A. R McLean Quantifying the risk from ovine BSE and the impact of control strategies Proc R Soc B, June 22, 2007; 274(1617): 1497 - 1503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Vascellari, R. Nonno, F. Mutinelli, M. Bigolaro, M. A. Di Bari, E. Melchiotti, S. Marcon, C. D'Agostino, G. Vaccari, M. Conte, et al. PrPSc in Salivary Glands of Scrapie-Affected Sheep J. Virol., May 1, 2007; 81(9): 4872 - 4876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Eaton, M. Rocchi, L. Gonzalez, S. Hamilton, J. Finlayson, J. Sales, M. Jeffrey, P. J. Steele, M. P. Dagleish, S. M. Rodger, et al. Immunological differences between susceptible and resistant sheep during the preclinical phase of scrapie infection J. Gen. Virol., April 1, 2007; 88(4): 1384 - 1391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M W Head and J W Ironside vCJD and the gut: implications for endoscopy Gut, January 1, 2007; 56(1): 9 - 11. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Goldmann, F. Houston, P. Stewart, M. Perucchini, J. Foster, and N. Hunter Ovine prion protein variant A136R154L168Q171 increases resistance to experimental challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent J. Gen. Virol., December 1, 2006; 87(12): 3741 - 3745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. K. Mathiason, J. G. Powers, S. J. Dahmes, D. A. Osborn, K. V. Miller, R. J. Warren, G. L. Mason, S. A. Hays, J. Hayes-Klug, D. M. Seelig, et al. Infectious prions in the saliva and blood of deer with chronic wasting disease. Science, October 6, 2006; 314(5796): 133 - 136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. C. Lourenco, M. J. Schmerr, I. MacGregor, R. G. Will, J. W. Ironside, and M. W. Head Application of an immunocapillary electrophoresis assay to the detection of abnormal prion protein in brain, spleen and blood specimens from patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J. Gen. Virol., October 1, 2006; 87(Pt 10): 3119 - 3124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. G. Safar, H. Wille, M. D. Geschwind, C. Deering, D. Latawiec, A. Serban, D. J. King, G. Legname, K. H. Weisgraber, R. W. Mahley, et al. Human prions and plasma lipoproteins PNAS, July 25, 2006; 103(30): 11312 - 11317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Siso, L. Gonzalez, F. Houston, N. Hunter, S. Martin, and M. Jeffrey The neuropathologic phenotype of experimental ovine BSE is maintained after blood transfusion Blood, July 15, 2006; 108(2): 745 - 748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Saa, J. Castilla, and C. Soto Presymptomatic detection of prions in blood. Science, July 7, 2006; 313(5783): 92 - 94. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Robertson, S. A. Booth, D. R. Beniac, M. B. Coulthart, T. F. Booth, and A. McNicol Cellular prion protein is released on exosomes from activated platelets Blood, May 15, 2006; 107(10): 3907 - 3911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. DeJoia, B. Moreaux, K. O'Connell, and R. A. Bessen Prion Infection of Oral and Nasal Mucosa J. Virol., May 1, 2006; 80(9): 4546 - 4556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Carmona, M. Monzon, E. Monleon, J. J. Badiola, and J. Monreal In vivo detection of scrapie cases from blood by infrared spectroscopy J. Gen. Virol., December 1, 2005; 86(12): 3425 - 3431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Herzog, J. Riviere, N. Lescoutra-Etchegaray, A. Charbonnier, V. Leblanc, N. Sales, J.-P. Deslys, and C. I. Lasmezas PrPTSE Distribution in a Primate Model of Variant, Sporadic, and Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease J. Virol., November 15, 2005; 79(22): 14339 - 14345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. S. Williams Chronic Wasting Disease Vet. Pathol., September 1, 2005; 42(5): 530 - 549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J Collinge Molecular neurology of prion disease J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, July 1, 2005; 76(7): 906 - 919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Castilla, A. Brun, F. Diaz-San Segundo, F. J. Salguero, A. Gutierrez-Adan, B. Pintado, M. A. Ramirez, L. del Riego, and J. M. Torres Vertical Transmission of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Prions Evaluated in a Transgenic Mouse Model J. Virol., July 1, 2005; 79(13): 8665 - 8668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Halliday, F. Houston, and N. Hunter Expression of PrPC on cellular components of sheep blood J. Gen. Virol., May 1, 2005; 86(5): 1571 - 1579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Ersdal, M. J. Ulvund, A. Espenes, S. L. Benestad, P. Sarradin, and T. Landsverk Mapping PrPSc Propagation in Experimental and Natural Scrapie in Sheep with Different PrP Genotypes Vet. Pathol., May 1, 2005; 42(3): 258 - 274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Feraudet, N. Morel, S. Simon, H. Volland, Y. Frobert, C. Creminon, D. Vilette, S. Lehmann, and J. Grassi Screening of 145 Anti-PrP Monoclonal Antibodies for Their Capacity to Inhibit PrPSc Replication in Infected Cells J. Biol. Chem., March 25, 2005; 280(12): 11247 - 11258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Gonzalez, S. Martin, F. E. Houston, N. Hunter, H. W. Reid, S. J. Bellworthy, and M. Jeffrey Phenotype of disease-associated PrP accumulation in the brain of bovine spongiform encephalopathy experimentally infected sheep J. Gen. Virol., March 1, 2005; 86(3): 827 - 838. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Martin, L. Gonzalez, A. Chong, F. E. Houston, N. Hunter, and M. Jeffrey Immunohistochemical characteristics of disease-associated PrP are not altered by host genotype or route of inoculation following infection of sheep with bovine spongiform encephalopathy J. Gen. Virol., March 1, 2005; 86(3): 839 - 848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D R Norfolk, A Glaser, and S Kinsey American fresh frozen plasma for neonates and children Arch. Dis. Child., January 1, 2005; 90(1): 89 - 91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Serban, G. Legname, K. Hansen, N. Kovaleva, and S. B. Prusiner Immunoglobulins in Urine of Hamsters with Scrapie J. Biol. Chem., November 19, 2004; 279(47): 48817 - 48820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. A. Thuring, J. H. F. Erkens, J. G. Jacobs, A. Bossers, L. J. M. Van Keulen, G. J. Garssen, F. G. Van Zijderveld, S. J. Ryder, M. H. Groschup, T. Sweeney, et al. Discrimination between Scrapie and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Sheep by Molecular Size, Immunoreactivity, and Glycoprofile of Prion Protein J. Clin. Microbiol., March 1, 2004; 42(3): 972 - 980. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P H B Bolton-Maggs and M F Murphy Blood transfusion Arch. Dis. Child., January 1, 2004; 89(1): 4 - 7. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. T. Goodnough, P. E. Hewitt, and C. C. Silliman Transfusion Medicine: Joint ASH and AABB Educational Session Hematology, January 1, 2004; 2004(1): 457 - 472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Clery, J. Brimacombe, T. Stone, C. Keller, and S. Curtis Routine Cleaning and Autoclaving Does Not Remove Protein Deposits from Reusable Laryngeal Mask Devices Anesth. Analg., October 1, 2003; 97(4): 1189 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Bellon, W. Seyfert-Brandt, W. Lang, H. Baron, A. Groner, and M. Vey Improved conformation-dependent immunoassay: suitability for human prion detection with enhanced sensitivity J. Gen. Virol., July 1, 2003; 84(7): 1921 - 1925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Hunter Scrapie and experimental BSE in sheep Br. Med. Bull., June 1, 2003; 66(1): 171 - 183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. C. H. May, A. T. Fafarman, S. B. Hong, M. Rogers, L. W. Deady, S. B. Prusiner, and F. E. Cohen Potent inhibition of scrapie prion replication in cultured cells by bis-acridines PNAS, March 18, 2003; 100(6): 3416 - 3421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Carson Should Patients in Intensive Care Units Receive Erythropoietin? JAMA, December 11, 2002; 288(22): 2884 - 2886. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL |
| J MED MICROBIOL | ALL SGM JOURNALS | |
