HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Yoshida, H. Articles by Miyamura, T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Yoshida, H. Articles by Miyamura, T. Agricola Articles by Yoshida, H. Articles by Miyamura, T.

Prevalence of vaccine-derived polioviruses in the environment

Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan¹
Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, Kumegawa 5-34-4, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0003, Japan²
Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Nakataikoyama, Kosugi-machi, Imizu-gun, Toyama 939-0363, Japan³

Author for correspondence: Hiromu Yoshida. Fax +81 42 561 4729. e-mail hyoshida{at}nih.go.jp

A survey of poliovirus in river and sewage water was conducted from October 1993 to September 1995 in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. In this study, 25 isolates differentiated as type 2 vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) were characterized using mutant analysis by PCR and restriction-enzyme cleavage (MAPREC) to estimate the ratio of 481-G revertants correlated to neurovirulence in a virus population. Of these isolates, 23 (92%) comprised between 44 and 96% 481-G revertants by MAPREC. The other two isolates had revertant percentages close to the 0·6% of the attenuated reference strain. It was presumed that these 23 isolates would be variant with potential neurovirulence by MAPREC analysis. Of the 23 isolates, three were isolated from river water. Moreover, our results by MAPREC showed that type 2 poliovirus was phenotypically more variable than type 1 (69%) or type 3 (55%), as determined in previous studies. The prevalence of virulent-type VDPVs in river and sewage water suggested that the oral poliovaccine itself had led to wide environmental pollution in nature. To terminate the cycle of virus transmission in nature, the ecology of VDPVs should be studied further. A hygiene programme, inactivated poliovirus vaccine immunization and well-maintained herd immunity may play key roles in reducing the potential risk of infection by virulent VDPVs.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Iwai, H. Yoshida, K. Matsuura, T. Fujimoto, H. Shimizu, T. Takizawa, and Y. Nagai Molecular Epidemiology of Echoviruses 11 and 13, Based on an Environmental Surveillance Conducted in Toyama Prefecture, 2002-2003 Appl. Envir. Microbiol., September 1, 2006; 72(9): 6381 - 6387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. C. Burns, J. Shaw, R. Campagnoli, J. Jorba, A. Vincent, J. Quay, and O. Kew Modulation of Poliovirus Replicative Fitness in HeLa Cells by Deoptimization of Synonymous Codon Usage in the Capsid Region. J. Virol., April 1, 2006; 80(7): 3259 - 3272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.-F. Yang, T. Naguib, S.-J. Yang, E. Nasr, J. Jorba, N. Ahmed, R. Campagnoli, H. van der Avoort, H. Shimizu, T. Yoneyama, et al. Circulation of Endemic Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in Egypt from 1983 to 1993 J. Virol., August 1, 2003; 77(15): 8366 - 8377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]