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Characterization of DNA associated with begomoviruses in China and evidence for co-evolution with their cognate viral DNA-A

¹ Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, P.R. China
² Yunnan Biotechnology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, P.R. China
³ International Laboratory for Tropical Agricultural Biotechnology, Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO 63132, USA

Correspondence
Xueping Zhou
xzhou{at}mail.hz.zj.cn

Claude Fauquet
iltab{at}danforthcenter.org

Eighteen samples of begomoviruses isolated from tobacco, tomato and weed species in Yunnan, China were found to be associated with DNA molecules, for which the complete nucleotide sequences were found to contain 1333–1355 nt. The 18 DNA molecules identified consist of three main types, each associated with a different begomovirus species: 72–99 % nucleotide identity was found within one type, but only 39–57 % identity was found between types. All the DNA molecules reported here and elsewhere contain a 115 nt conserved region that has 93–100 % identity with a consensus sequence, and have a common ORF encoding 118 amino acids on the complementary strand (designated C1). Co-agroinoculation of the DNA-A component of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus tobacco isolate Y10, with its associated DNA (Y10), shows this DNA to be involved in symptom induction in tobacco and tomato. The in-frame ATG mutation of C1 of Y10 caused much milder symptoms as compared with wild Y10, indicating a functional role for this ORF. Pairwise nucleotide sequence identity comparisons of DNA molecules and their cognate viral DNA-A molecules indicate that DNA molecules have co-evolved with their cognate helper viruses. Recombination between DNA molecules is documented and a DNA species concept is proposed and discussed.

The GenBank accession numbers of the sequences reported in this paper are AJ420313–15, AJ421482–85, AJ421619–23, AJ457818–22 and AJ506791.

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