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A novel, divergent simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 in a wild-caught red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus torquatus) from Nigeria

¹ Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département d'Ecosystème et Epidémiologie des Maladies Infectieuses, Batiment Lwoff, Institut Pasteur, 25–28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
² HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, MS G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
³ Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
⁴ Cercopan, Calabar, CRS, Nigeria

Correspondence
William M. Switzer
bis3{at}cdc.gov.

We present here a novel, distinct simian T-cell lymphotropic virus (STLV) found in a red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus) (CTO-NG409), wild-caught in Nigeria, that showed an HTLV-2-like Western blot (WB) seroreactivity. The complete genome (8920 bp) of CTO-NG409 STLV was related to but different from STLV-3/PHA-PH969 (13·5 %) and STLV-3/PPA-F3 (7·6 %), and STLV-3/CTO604 (11·3 %), found in Eritrean and Senegalese baboons, and red-capped mangabeys from Cameroon, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of a conserved tax (180 bp) sequence and the env gene (1482 bp) confirmed the relatedness of STLV-3/CTO-NG409 to the STLV-3 subgroup. Molecular clock analysis of env estimated that STLV-3/CTO-NG409 diverged from East and West/Central African STLV-3s about 140 900±12 400 years ago, suggesting an ancient African origin of STLV-3. Since phylogenetic evidence suggests multiple interspecies transmissions of STLV-1 to humans, and given the antiquity and wide distribution of STLV-3 in Africa, a search for STLV-3 in human African populations with HTLV-2-like WB patterns is warranted.

The genome sequence of STLV-3/CTO-NG409 has been deposited in GenBank, accession no. AY222339.

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