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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif supports efficient primate lentivirus replication in rhesus monkey cells

Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA

Correspondence
Louis Alexander
louis.alexander{at}yale.edu

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Vif share limited homology and display species-specific activity, leading to speculation that Vif sequences could determine the block in HIV-1 replication in rhesus monkeys. To address this issue, we engineered a novel SIV recombinant in which HIV-1 vif replaced SIV vif in a SIVmac239 background. Insertion of HIV-1 vif into the SIV vif locus did not produce a replication-competent virus. Therefore, we inserted HIV-1 vif sequences into the SIV nef locus, which produced a recombinant that, in the absence of SIV vif sequences, replicated similarly to wild-type SIVmac239 in rhesus monkey PBMC. From these studies we conclude that the HIV-1 replication block in rhesus monkeys is almost certainly not Vif determined. These studies also suggest that SHIV/NVif or derivative sequences could be utilized for structure/function studies of HIV-1 Vif in experimentally infected rhesus monkeys.

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				B. Schrofelbauer, T. Senger, G. Manning, and N. R. Landau Mutational Alteration of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vif Allows for Functional Interaction with Nonhuman Primate APOBEC3G. J. Virol., June 1, 2006; 80(12): 5984 - 5991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]