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Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
Correspondence
Clinton Jones
cjones{at}unlnotes.unl.edu
Identifying cellular genes that promote bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) productive infection is important, as BHV-1 is a significant bovine pathogen. Previous studies demonstrated that BHV-1 DNA is not very infectious unless cotransfected with a plasmid expressing bICP0, a viral protein that stimulates expression of all classes of viral promoters. Based on these and other studies, we hypothesize that the ability of bICP0 to interact with and modify the function of cellular proteins stimulates virus transcription. If this prediction is correct, cellular proteins that activate virus transcription could, in part, substitute for bICP0 functions. The adenovirus E1A gene and bICP0 encode proteins that are potent activators of viral gene expression, they do not specifically bind DNA and both proteins interact with chromatin-remodelling enzymes. Because of these functional similarities, E1A was tested initially to see if it could stimulate BHV-1 productive infection. E1A consistently stimulates BHV-1 productive infection, but not as efficiently as bICP0. The ability of E1A to bind Rb family members plays a role in stimulating productive infection, suggesting that E2F family members activate productive infection. E2F-4, but not E2F-1, E2F-2 or E2F-5, activates productive infection with similar efficiency as E1A. Next, E2F family members were examined for their ability to activate the BHV-1 immediate-early (IE) transcription unit 1 (IEtu1) promoter, as it regulates IE expression of bICP0 and bICP4. E2F-1 and E2F-2 strongly activate the IEtu1 promoter, but not a BHV-1 IEtu2 promoter or a herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP0 promoter construct. These studies suggest that E2F family members can stimulate BHV-1 productive infection.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  K. Saira, Y. Zhou, and C. Jones The Infected Cell Protein 0 Encoded by Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (bICP0) Induces Degradation of Interferon Response Factor 3 and, Consequently, Inhibits Beta Interferon Promoter Activity J. Virol., April 1, 2007; 81(7): 3077 - 3086. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Meyer, S. Perez, V. Geiser, M. Sintek, M. Inman, and C. Jones A Protein Encoded by the Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Latency-Related Gene Interacts with Specific Cellular Regulatory Proteins, Including CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha J. Virol., January 1, 2007; 81(1): 59 - 67. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 Y. Zhang, Y. Jiang, V. Geiser, J. Zhou, and C. Jones Bovine herpesvirus 1 immediate-early protein (bICP0) interacts with the histone acetyltransferase p300, which stimulates productive infection and gC promoter activity J. Gen. Virol., July 1, 2006; 87(7): 1843 - 1851. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Henderson, Y. Zhang, and C. Jones The bovine herpesvirus 1 gene encoding infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) can inhibit interferon-dependent transcription in the absence of other viral genes J. Gen. Virol., October 1, 2005; 86(10): 2697 - 2702. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Geiser, Y. Zhang, and C. Jones Analysis of a bovine herpesvirus 1 recombinant virus that does not express the bICP0 protein J. Gen. Virol., July 1, 2005; 86(7): 1987 - 1996. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. E. Schaley, M. Polonskaia, and P. Hearing The Adenovirus E4-6/7 Protein Directs Nuclear Localization of E2F-4 via an Arginine-Rich Motif J. Virol., February 15, 2005; 79(4): 2301 - 2308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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