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Antibody-induced internalization of viral glycoproteins and gE–gI Fc receptor activity protect pseudorabies virus-infected monocytes from efficient complement-mediated lysis

Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium

Correspondence
Hans Nauwynck
hans.nauwynck{at}rug.ac.be

Pseudorabies virus (PRV)-infected blood monocytes are able to transport virus throughout the body of vaccination-immune pigs. PRV-infected monocytes express viral glycoproteins in their plasma membrane that can be recognized by virus-specific antibodies. Recently, it has been shown that addition of PRV-specific polyclonal immunoglobulins to PRV-infected monocytes at 37 °C induces internalization of the majority of plasma membrane-expressed viral glycoproteins. This study investigated whether this process may interfere with efficient antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis (ADCML) of infected monocytes. Therefore, an ADCML assay was set up in vitro. A significant decrease in the percentage of cells lysed by ADCML was observed when antibody-induced internalization of PRV glycoproteins occurred (P<0·005). Furthermore, it is shown (i) that the PRV gE–gI complex, which, like certain other alphaherpesvirus orthologues, possesses IgG-binding capacity, aids in avoiding efficient ADCML of PRV-infected monocytes and (ii) that the efficiency of PRV gE–gI-mediated evasion of ADCML can be decreased by the presence of gE–gI-specific antibodies.

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