HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Lateef, Z. Articles by Baird, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lateef, Z. Articles by Baird, M. Agricola Articles by Lateef, Z. Articles by Baird, M.

Orf virus-encoded interleukin-10 inhibits maturation, antigen presentation and migration of murine dendritic cells

¹ Department of Microbiology, Virus Research Unit, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
² Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia

Correspondence
Stephen Fleming
stephen.fleming{at}stonebow.otago.ac.nz

Orf virus (ORFV) belongs to the genus Parapoxvirus and induces cutaneous pustular lesions in sheep, goats and humans. ORFV is unusual in that it has the ability to reinfect its host and this suggests that the generation of immunological memory has been impaired, thus exposing the host to subsequent infection. The discovery that ORFV encodes an IL-10-like virokine raises the question of whether this factor adversely affects the cells that initiate the acquired immune response. We examined the effect of ORFV-IL-10 on immature murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC). Immature BMDC are activated on exposure to antigen and undergo maturation. This process is characterized by increased expression of CD80, CD86 and MHC class II and reduced antigen uptake. We found that the maturation of BMDC is impaired in cells treated with ORFV-IL-10 prior to antigen exposure and this was exemplified by the reduced expression of the cell-surface markers described above. We have also shown that the activation of a haemagglutinin peptide (HAT)-specific T cell hybridoma by dendritic cell-mediated presentation of HAT and heat-inactivated influenza virus AP8/34 was markedly reduced following exposure to ORFV-IL-10. Finally, we examined the effect of ORFV-IL-10 on Langerhans' cell (LC) migration using cultured murine skin explant tissue and showed that this virokine impaired the spontaneous migration of LC from the epidermis and induced changes in LC morphology. Our findings suggest that ORFV-IL-10 has the capacity to impair the initiation of an acquired immune response and hence inhibit the generation of immunological memory necessary for immunity on subsequent exposure.

Published ahead of print on 3 February 2003 as DOI 10.1099/vir.0.18978-0.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. B. Fleming, I. E. Anderson, J. Thomson, D. L. Deane, C. J. McInnes, C. A. McCaughan, A. A. Mercer, and D. M. Haig Infection with recombinant orf viruses demonstrates that the viral interleukin-10 is a virulence factor J. Gen. Virol., July 1, 2007; 88(7): 1922 - 1927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Wise, C. McCaughan, C. K. Tan, A. A. Mercer, and S. B. Fleming Orf virus interleukin-10 inhibits cytokine synthesis in activated human THP-1 monocytes, but only partially impairs their proliferation J. Gen. Virol., June 1, 2007; 88(6): 1677 - 1682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Chan, M. Baird, A. A. Mercer, and S. B. Fleming Maturation and function of human dendritic cells are inhibited by orf virus-encoded interleukin-10. J. Gen. Virol., November 1, 2006; 87(Pt 11): 3177 - 3181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]