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The major envelope protein, GP₅, of a European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus contains a neutralization epitope in its N-terminal ectodomain

H. A. R. van Wijk^1,

J. J. M. Meulenberg^1,

¹ Institute for Animal Science and Health (ID-Lelystad), Division of Infectious Diseases and Food Chain Quality, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
² Federal Research Centre for Viruses Diseases of Animals, Tübingen, Germany
³ Virology Division, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Correspondence
Esther Wissink
e.h.j.wissink{at}id.wag-ur.nl

A set of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the GP₅ protein of European type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been produced previously (Weiland et al., 1999). This set reacted with a plaque-purified virus (PPV) subpopulation of Dutch isolate Intervet-10 (I-10), but not with the European prototype PRRSV LV. In order to map the neutralization epitope in the GP₅ protein of the PPV strain, the ORF5 nucleotide sequence of PPV was determined. When the amino acid sequence derived from this nucleotide sequence was compared with that of PRRSV LV, four amino acid differences were found. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we showed that a proline residue at position 24 of the GP₅ sequence of the PPV strain enabled recognition by the neutralizing mAbs. Pepscan analysis demonstrated that the epitope recognized by the neutralizing mAbs stretched from residues 29 to 35. Surprisingly, the reactivity of the mAbs in the Pepscan system was independent of the presence of a proline in position 24. Moreover, residue 24 is located within the predicted signal peptide, implying that either the signal peptide is not cleaved or is cleaved due to the presence of Pro²⁴ such that the epitope remains intact. Our results demonstrate the presence of a neutralization epitope in the N-terminal ectodomain of the GP₅ protein of PRRSV and imply a role for the ectodomain of GP₅ in the infection of PRRSV.

Present address: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, UMC Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Present address: AMT, Meibergdreef 61, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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