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Evaluation of lumpy skin disease virus, a capripoxvirus, as a replication-deficient vaccine vector

¹ Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
² National Health Laboratory Service, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa

Correspondence
Anna-Lise Williamson (at Division of Medical Virology)
annalise{at}curie.uct.ac.za

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a capripoxvirus with a host range limited to ruminants, was evaluated as a replication-deficient vaccine vector for use in non-ruminant hosts. By using the rabies virus glycoprotein (RG) as a model antigen, it was demonstrated that recombinant LSDV encoding the rabies glycoprotein (rLSDV-RG) was able to express RG in both permissive (ruminant) and non-permissive (non-ruminant) cells. The recombinant LSDV, however, replicated to maturity only in permissive but not in non-permissive cells. Recombinant LSDV-RG was assessed for its ability to generate immunity against RG in non-ruminant hosts (rabbits and mice). Rabbits inoculated with rLSDV-RG produced rabies virus (RV) neutralizing antibodies at levels twofold higher than those reported by the WHO to be protective. BALB/c mice immunized with rLSDV-RG elicited levels of RV-specific cellular immunity (T-cell proliferation) comparable with those of mice immunized with a commercial inactivated rabies vaccine (Verorab; Pasteur Merieux). Most importantly, mice immunized with rLSDV-RG were protected from an aggressive intracranial rabies virus challenge.

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