| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
2 Viral Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Virology, and Department of Immunology & Molecular Pathology, University College London, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK
Correspondence
Geoffrey Smith
glsmith{at}imperial.ac.uk
The evolutionary relationships of 26 sequenced members of the poxvirus family have been investigated by comparing their genome organization and gene content and by using DNA and protein sequences for phylogenetic analyses. The central region of the genome of chordopoxviruses (ChPVs) is highly conserved in gene content and arrangement, except for some gene inversions in Fowlpox virus (FPV) and species-specific gene insertions in FPV and Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). In the central region 90 genes are conserved in all ChPVs, but no gene from near the termini is conserved throughout the subfamily. Inclusion of two entomopoxvirus (EnPV) sequences reduces the number of conserved genes to 49. The EnPVs are divergent from ChPVs and between themselves. Relationships between ChPV genera were evaluated by comparing the genome size, number of unique genes, gene arrangement and phylogenetic analyses of protein sequences. Overall, genus Avipoxvirus is the most divergent. The next most divergent ChPV genus is Molluscipoxvirus, whose sole member, MCV, infects only man. The Suipoxvirus, Capripoxvirus, Leporipoxvirus and Yatapoxvirus genera cluster together, with Suipoxvirus and Capripoxvirus sharing a common ancestor, and are distinct from the genus Orthopoxvirus (OPV). Within the OPV genus, Monkeypox virus, Ectromelia virus and Cowpox virus strain Brighton Red (BR) do not group closely with any other OPV, Variola virus and Camelpox virus form a subgroup, and Vaccinia virus is most closely related to CPV-GRI-90. This suggests that CPV-BR and GRI-90 should be separate species.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. Meisinger-Henschel, M. Schmidt, S. Lukassen, B. Linke, L. Krause, S. Konietzny, A. Goesmann, P. Howley, P. Chaplin, M. Suter, et al. Genomic sequence of chorioallantois vaccinia virus Ankara, the ancestor of modified vaccinia virus Ankara J. Gen. Virol., December 1, 2007; 88(12): 3249 - 3259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Li, D. S. Carroll, S. N. Gardner, M. C. Walsh, E. A. Vitalis, and I. K. Damon From the Cover: On the origin of smallpox: Correlating variola phylogenics with historical smallpox records PNAS, October 2, 2007; 104(40): 15787 - 15792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Garcel, J.-M. Crance, R. Drillien, D. Garin, and A.-L. Favier Genomic sequence of a clonal isolate of the vaccinia virus Lister strain employed for smallpox vaccination in France and its comparison to other orthopoxviruses J. Gen. Virol., July 1, 2007; 88(7): 1906 - 1916. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Campbell, D. S. Trossman, W. M. Yokoyama, and L. N. Carayannopoulos Zoonotic orthopoxviruses encode a high-affinity antagonist of NKG2D J. Exp. Med., June 11, 2007; 204(6): 1311 - 1317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Aoki, I. Hirono, K. Kurokawa, H. Fukuda, R. Nahary, A. Eldar, A. J. Davison, T. B. Waltzek, H. Bercovier, and R. P. Hedrick Genome Sequences of Three Koi Herpesvirus Isolates Representing the Expanding Distribution of an Emerging Disease Threatening Koi and Common Carp Worldwide J. Virol., May 15, 2007; 81(10): 5058 - 5065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. E. Douglas, K. D. Corbett, J. M. Berger, G. McFadden, and T. M. Handel Structure of M11L: A myxoma virus structural homolog of the apoptosis inhibitor, Bcl-2 Protein Sci., April 1, 2007; 16(4): 695 - 703. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Hwang, N. Minkah, K. Perry, G. D. Van Duyne, and F. D. Bushman Regulation of Catalysis by the Smallpox Virus Topoisomerase J. Biol. Chem., December 8, 2006; 281(49): 38052 - 38060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. R. Tulman, G. Delhon, C. L. Afonso, Z. Lu, L. Zsak, N. T. Sandybaev, U. Z. Kerembekova, V. L. Zaitsev, G. F. Kutish, and D. L. Rock Genome of horsepox virus. J. Virol., September 1, 2006; 80(18): 9244 - 9258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Rahman, J. W. Barrett, P. Brouckaert, and G. McFadden Variation in Ligand Binding Specificities of a Novel Class of Poxvirus-encoded Tumor Necrosis Factor-binding Protein J. Biol. Chem., August 11, 2006; 281(32): 22517 - 22526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. McInnes, A. R. Wood, K. Thomas, A. W. Sainsbury, J. Gurnell, F. J. Dein, and P. F. Nettleton Genomic characterization of a novel poxvirus contributing to the decline of the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) in the UK. J. Gen. Virol., August 1, 2006; 87(Pt 8): 2115 - 2125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Jarmin, R. Manvell, R. E. Gough, S. M. Laidlaw, and M. A. Skinner Avipoxvirus phylogenetics: identification of a PCR length polymorphism that discriminates between the two major clades. J. Gen. Virol., August 1, 2006; 87(Pt 8): 2191 - 2201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A.-J. Chen, N. Jacobs, and G. L. Smith Vaccinia virus strain Western Reserve protein B14 is an intracellular virulence factor J. Gen. Virol., June 1, 2006; 87(6): 1451 - 1458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Najera, C. E. Gomez, E. Domingo-Gil, M. M. Gherardi, and M. Esteban Cellular and Biochemical Differences between Two Attenuated Poxvirus Vaccine Candidates (MVA and NYVAC) and Role of the C7L Gene. J. Virol., June 1, 2006; 80(12): 6033 - 6047. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Afonso, E. R. Tulman, G. Delhon, Z. Lu, G. J. Viljoen, D. B. Wallace, G. F. Kutish, and D. L. Rock Genome of crocodilepox virus. J. Virol., May 1, 2006; 80(10): 4978 - 4991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Alejo, M. B. Ruiz-Arguello, Y. Ho, V. P. Smith, M. Saraiva, and A. Alcami A chemokine-binding domain in the tumor necrosis factor receptor from variola (smallpox) virus PNAS, April 11, 2006; 103(15): 5995 - 6000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Li, N. Chen, R. L. Roper, Z. Feng, A. Hunter, M. Danila, E. J. Lefkowitz, R. M. L. Buller, and C. Upton Complete coding sequences of the rabbitpox virus genome J. Gen. Virol., November 1, 2005; 86(11): 2969 - 2977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Esteban and R. M. L. Buller Ectromelia virus: the causative agent of mousepox J. Gen. Virol., October 1, 2005; 86(10): 2645 - 2659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Morikawa, T. Sakiyama, H. Hasegawa, M. Saijo, A. Maeda, I. Kurane, G. Maeno, J. Kimura, C. Hirama, T. Yoshida, et al. An Attenuated LC16m8 Smallpox Vaccine: Analysis of Full-Genome Sequence and Induction of Immune Protection J. Virol., September 15, 2005; 79(18): 11873 - 11891. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. I. Ahmed, M. A. Burkhart, P. S. Subramaniam, M. G. Mujtaba, and H. M. Johnson Peptide Mimetics of Gamma Interferon Possess Antiviral Properties against Vaccinia Virus and Other Viruses in the Presence of Poxvirus B8R Protein J. Virol., May 1, 2005; 79(9): 5632 - 5639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Thiel, N. K. Whiteman, A. Tirape, M. I. Baquero, V. Cedeno, T. Walsh, G. J. Uzcategui, and P. G. Parker CHARACTERIZATION OF CANARYPOX-LIKE VIRUSES INFECTING ENDEMIC BIRDS IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS J. Wildl. Dis., April 1, 2005; 41(2): 342 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Afonso, G. Delhon, E. R. Tulman, Z. Lu, A. Zsak, V. M. Becerra, L. Zsak, G. F. Kutish, and D. L. Rock Genome of Deerpox Virus J. Virol., January 15, 2005; 79(2): 966 - 977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Davison, B. L. Trus, N. Cheng, A. C. Steven, M. S. Watson, C. Cunningham, R.-M. L. Deuff, and T. Renault A novel class of herpesvirus with bivalve hosts J. Gen. Virol., January 1, 2005; 86(1): 41 - 53. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Huang, Q. Huang, X. Zhou, M. M. Shen, A. Yen, S. X. Yu, G. Dong, K. Qu, P. Huang, E. M. Anderson, et al. The Poxvirus p28 Virulence Factor Is an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase J. Biol. Chem., December 24, 2004; 279(52): 54110 - 54116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Lucas and G. McFadden Secreted Immunomodulatory Viral Proteins as Novel Biotherapeutics J. Immunol., October 15, 2004; 173(8): 4765 - 4774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. K. Tikkanen, C. J. McInnes, A. A. Mercer, M. Buttner, J. Tuimala, V. Hirvela-Koski, E. Neuvonen, and A. Huovilainen Recent isolates of parapoxvirus of Finnish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are closely related to bovine pseudocowpox virus J. Gen. Virol., June 1, 2004; 85(6): 1413 - 1418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL |
| J MED MICROBIOL | ALL SGM JOURNALS | |
