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and interleukin 8
1 Institute of Infectious Diseases, Warsaw Medical Academy, Poland
2 Municipal Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
3 Department of Medicine, SC Johnson Bldg Sj3, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
4 Maternal–Child Virology Research Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
Correspondence
Tomasz Laskus
laskus.tomasz{at}mayo.edu
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been reported to replicate in monocytes/macrophages in infected patients. However, it is unclear whether macrophages are susceptible to infection in vitro and whether such an infection is consequential. Sera from 26 HCV-infected patients were incubated with primary human macrophages collected from healthy donors. Virus negative strand was detected by a Tth enzyme-based strand-specific assay and virus sequences were analysed by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing. Concentrations of the cytokines tumour necrosis factor-
(TNF-) and interleukin (IL)-1
, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12p70 were measured in culture supernatants and respective mRNAs were analysed in cell extracts by quantitative RT-PCR. For 15 sera, HCV RNA was detectable in 2- and 3-week cultures from at least one donor. Virus negative strand was detected in 29 % of macrophage samples in this group. In four cases, HCV RNA sequences amplified from macrophages differed from those amplified from sera suggesting evolution during infection. Concentrations of TNF- and IL-8 were found to be significantly higher in supernatants from HCV-infected cultures. In conclusion, these preliminary data suggest that primary human macrophages are susceptible to HCV infection in vitro and this infection is associated with the induction of cytokines TNF- and IL-8.
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