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Protective humoral responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus: implications for the design of an effective protein-based vaccine

¹ Laboratory of Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
² National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
³ Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, China

Correspondence
Zihe Rao
raozh{at}xtal.tsinghua.edu.cn

Some of the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) carry major epitopes involved in virus neutralization and are essential for the induction of protective humoral responses and the development of an effective vaccine. Rabbit antisera were prepared using full-length N and M proteins and eight expressed fragments covering the S protein. Antisera to S and M proteins were found to have different neutralizing titres towards SARS-CoV infection in vivo, ranging from 1 : 35 to 1 : 128. Antiserum to the N protein did not contain neutralizing antibodies. Epitopes inducing protective humoral responses to virus infection were located mainly in the M protein and a region spanning residues 13–877 of the S protein. The neutralizing ability of antisera directed against the expressed structural proteins was greater than that of convalescent patient antisera, confirming that, as immunogens, the former induce strong, SARS-CoV-specific neutralizing antibody responses. The in vitro neutralization assay has important implications for the design of an effective, protein-based vaccine preventing SARS-CoV infection.

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