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Detection and in vitro and in vivo characterization of porcine circovirus DNA from a porcine-derived commercial pepsin product

¹ Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0342, USA
² Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
³ Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA

Correspondence
X.-J. Meng
xjmeng{at}vt.edu

Non-pathogenic porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) and pathogenic PCV2 are widespread in swine herds. In this study, the detection and characterization of PCV1 and PCV2 DNA from porcine-derived commercial pepsin are reported. The complete genomic sequences of the pepsin-derived PCV1 and PCV2 share 76 % nucleotide sequence identity with each other and 95–99 % identity with respective North American PCV1 and PCV2 isolates. However, the PCV-contaminated pepsin lacks infectivity in PK-15 cells. To further assess the infectivity of the contaminating pepsin in vivo, 16 5-week-old, specific-pathogen-free pigs were divided randomly into three groups: pigs in group 1 (n=5) were each inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally with 4 ml PBS buffer as negative controls, those in group 2 (n=6) were each inoculated with 400 mg contaminated pepsin dissolved in 4 ml PBS and those in group 3 (n=5) were each inoculated with 4x10^4·3 TCID₅₀ PCV2 as positive controls. PCV2 viraemia, seroconversion and pathological lesions were detected in group 3 pigs, but not in group 1 or 2 pigs, confirming that the contaminating PCVs were non-infectious. Nevertheless, the detection of PCV DNA in a porcine-derived commercial product raises concern for potential human infection through xenotransplantation.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the PCV1 and PCV2 sequences obtained in this study are AY699796 and AY699793, respectively.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				T. Opriessnig, X.-J. Meng, and P. G. Halbur Porcine Circovirus Type 2 associated disease: Update on current terminology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and intervention strategies J Vet Diagn Invest, November 1, 2007; 19(6): 591 - 615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. E. McKeown, T. Opriessnig, P. Thomas, D. K. Guenette, F. Elvinger, M. Fenaux, P. G. Halbur, and X. J. Meng Effects of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Maternal Antibodies on Experimental Infection of Piglets with PCV2 Clin. Vaccine Immunol., November 1, 2005; 12(11): 1347 - 1351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]