HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplementary data Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Laidlaw, S. M. Articles by Skinner, M. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Laidlaw, S. M. Articles by Skinner, M. A. Agricola Articles by Laidlaw, S. M. Articles by Skinner, M. A.

Comparison of the genome sequence of FP9, an attenuated, tissue culture-adapted European strain of Fowlpox virus, with those of virulent American and European viruses

Institute for Animal Health, Division of Molecular Biology, Compton, Newbury, Berks RG20 7NN, UK

Correspondence
Michael A. Skinner
michael.skinner{at}bbsrc.ac.uk

The 266 kbp genome sequence of plaque-purified, tissue culture-adapted, attenuated European Fowlpox virus FP9 has been determined and compared with the 288 kbp sequence of a pathogenic US strain (FPVUS). FP9 carries 244 of the 260 reported FPVUS ORFs (both viruses also have an unreported orthologue of conserved poxvirus gene A14.5L). Relative to FPVUS, FP9 differed by 118 mutations (26 deletions, 15 insertions and 77 base substitutions), affecting FP9 equivalents of 71 FPVUS ORFs. To help to identify mutations involved in adaptation and attenuation, the virulent parent of FP9, HP1, was sequenced at positions where FP9 differed from FPVUS. At 68 positions, FP9 and HP1 sequences were identical, reflecting differences between American and European lineages. Mutations at the remaining 50 positions in FP9 relative to FPVUS and HP1, involving 46 ORFs, therefore accounted for adaptation and attenuation. ORFs deleted during passage included those encoding members of multigene families: 12 ankyrin repeat proteins, three C-type lectin-like proteins, two C4L/C10L-like proteins, one G-protein coupled receptor protein, one V-type Ig domain protein, two N1R/p28 proteins and one EFc family protein. Tandem ORFs encoding Variola virus B22R orthologues were fused by a 5·8 kbp deletion. Single-copy genes disrupted or deleted during passage included those encoding a homologue of murine T10, a conserved DNA/pantothenate metabolism flavoprotein, photolyase, the A-type inclusion protein and an orthologue of vaccinia A47L. Gene assignments have been updated for DNase II/DLAD, binding proteins for IL-18 and interferon-, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX/GPX-4) and for a highly conserved homologue of ELOVL4.

The GenBank/EMBL accession number of the sequence reported in this paper is AJ581527.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. Guzman, G. Taylor, B. Charleston, M. A. Skinner, and S. A. Ellis An MHC-restricted CD8+ T-cell response is induced in cattle by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection and also following vaccination with inactivated FMDV J. Gen. Virol., March 1, 2008; 89(3): 667 - 675. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Parrish and B. Moss Characterization of a Second Vaccinia Virus mRNA-Decapping Enzyme Conserved in Poxviruses J. Virol., December 1, 2007; 81(23): 12973 - 12978. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. A. Jarmin, R. Manvell, R. E. Gough, S. M. Laidlaw, and M. A. Skinner Retention of 1.2 kbp of 'novel' genomic sequence in two European field isolates and some vaccine strains of Fowlpox virus extends open reading frame fpv241 J. Gen. Virol., December 1, 2006; 87(12): 3545 - 3549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Jarmin, R. Manvell, R. E. Gough, S. M. Laidlaw, and M. A. Skinner Avipoxvirus phylogenetics: identification of a PCR length polymorphism that discriminates between the two major clades. J. Gen. Virol., August 1, 2006; 87(Pt 8): 2191 - 2201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. G. Cottingham, A. van Maurik, M. Zago, A. T. Newton, R. J. Anderson, M. K. Howard, J. Schneider, and M. A. Skinner Different Levels of Immunogenicity of Two Strains of Fowlpox Virus as Recombinant Vaccine Vectors Eliciting T-Cell Responses in Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination Strategies. Clin. Vaccine Immunol., July 1, 2006; 13(7): 747 - 757. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Thiel, N. K. Whiteman, A. Tirape, M. I. Baquero, V. Cedeno, T. Walsh, G. J. Uzcategui, and P. G. Parker CHARACTERIZATION OF CANARYPOX-LIKE VIRUSES INFECTING ENDEMIC BIRDS IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS J. Wildl. Dis., April 1, 2005; 41(2): 342 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. P. Webster, S. Dunachie, J. M. Vuola, T. Berthoud, S. Keating, S. M. Laidlaw, S. J. McConkey, I. Poulton, L. Andrews, R. F. Andersen, et al. Enhanced T cell-mediated protection against malaria in human challenges by using the recombinant poxviruses FP9 and modified vaccinia virus Ankara PNAS, March 29, 2005; 102(13): 4836 - 4841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Vuola, S. Keating, D. P. Webster, T. Berthoud, S. Dunachie, S. C. Gilbert, and A. V. S. Hill Differential Immunogenicity of Various Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccine Regimens Using DNA and Viral Vectors in Healthy Volunteers J. Immunol., January 1, 2005; 174(1): 449 - 455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]