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Short Communication |
1 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
3 Divison of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Correspondence
Deepak Shukla
dshukla{at}uic.edu
Membrane fusion induced by herpes simplex virus (HSV) is required for both entry and cell-to-cell spread. It is mediated by the viral glycoprotein gB, gD, gH–gL and gD receptors. Although 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate (3-OS HS) is a receptor for HSV-1 entry, the requirement for heparan sulfate in the fusion process has been ruled out. Here, it is demonstrated that cells expressing 3-OS HS, generated by D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase isoforms-3 and/or -5 (3-OST-3 and 3-OST-5), fused with cells expressing the four glycoproteins. The cell fusion observed exhibited similar requirements but was independent of protein receptors, HVEM or nectin-1. Additionally, removal of 3-OS HS from the cell surface by heparinase-I treatment and, in separate experiments, the presence of soluble 3-OST-3- and 3-OST-5-modified HS, significantly inhibited fusion. Taken together, these results indicate that 3-OS HS can play a crucial role in virus entry and cell fusion.
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