| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Enterovirus Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, National Public Health Institute (KTL), Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland
Correspondence
Tapani Hovi
tapani.hovi{at}ktl.fi
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs; family Picornaviridae), the most frequent causative agents of respiratory infections, comprise more than 100 distinct serotypes. According to previous phylogenetic analysis of the VP4/VP2-coding sequences, all but one of the HRV prototype strains distribute between the two established species, Human rhinovirus A (HRV-A) and Human rhinovirus B (HRV-B). Here, partial sequences of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3D polymerase)-coding gene of 48 HRV prototype strains and 12 field isolates were analysed. The designated division of the HRV strains into the species HRV-A and HRV-B was also seen in the 3D-coding region. Phylogenetically, HRV-B clustered closer to human enterovirus (HEV) species HEV-B, HEV-C and poliovirus than to HRV-A. Intraspecies variation within both HRV-A and HRV-B was greater in the 3D-coding region than in the VP4/VP2-coding region, with the difference maxima reaching 48 % at the nucleotide level and 36 % at the amino acid level in HRV-A and 53 and 35 %, respectively, in HRV-B. Within both species, a few strains formed a separate cluster differing from the majority of strains as much as HEV-B from HEV-C. Furthermore, the tree topology within HRV-A differed from that for VP4/VP2, suggesting possible recombination events in the evolutionary history of the strains. However, all 12 field isolates clustered similarly, as in the capsid region. These results showed that the within-species variation in the 3D region is greater in HRV than in HEV. Furthermore, HRV variation in the 3D region exceeds that in the capsid-coding region.
The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers of the sequences reported in this paper are AY436646–AY436704.
Details of sequence accession numbers and a full alignment of 3D polymerase amino acid sequences are available as supplementary material in JGV Online.
Present address: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Scherfigsvej 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. Wisdom, E. C. M. Leitch, E. Gaunt, H. Harvala, and P. Simmonds Screening Respiratory Samples for Detection of Human Rhinoviruses (HRVs) and Enteroviruses: Comprehensive VP4-VP2 Typing Reveals High Incidence and Genetic Diversity of HRV Species C J. Clin. Microbiol., December 1, 2009; 47(12): 3958 - 3967. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Blomqvist, C. Savolainen-Kopra, A. Paananen, T. Hovi, and M. Roivainen Molecular characterization of human rhinovirus field strains isolated during surveillance of enteroviruses J. Gen. Virol., June 1, 2009; 90(6): 1371 - 1381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Lewis-Rogers, M. L. Bendall, and K. A. Crandall Phylogenetic Relationships and Molecular Adaptation Dynamics of Human Rhinoviruses Mol. Biol. Evol., May 1, 2009; 26(5): 969 - 981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Kiang, I. Kalra, S. Yagi, J. K. Louie, H. Boushey, J. Boothby, and D. P. Schnurr Assay for 5' Noncoding Region Analysis of All Human Rhinovirus Prototype Strains J. Clin. Microbiol., November 1, 2008; 46(11): 3736 - 3745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. P. Lau, C. C. Y. Yip, H.-w. Tsoi, R. A. Lee, L.-y. So, Y.-l. Lau, K.-h. Chan, P. C. Y. Woo, and K.-y. Yuen Clinical Features and Complete Genome Characterization of a Distinct Human Rhinovirus (HRV) Genetic Cluster, Probably Representing a Previously Undetected HRV Species, HRV-C, Associated with Acute Respiratory Illness in Children J. Clin. Microbiol., November 1, 2007; 45(11): 3655 - 3664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Simmonds Recombination and Selection in the Evolution of Picornaviruses and Other Mammalian Positive-Stranded RNA Viruses J. Virol., November 15, 2006; 80(22): 11124 - 11140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Laine, S. Blomqvist, C. Savolainen, K. Andries, and T. Hovi Alignment of capsid protein VP1 sequences of all human rhinovirus prototype strains: conserved motifs and functional domains J. Gen. Virol., January 1, 2006; 87(1): 129 - 138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Arita, S.-L. Zhu, H. Yoshida, T. Yoneyama, T. Miyamura, and H. Shimizu A Sabin 3-Derived Poliovirus Recombinant Contained a Sequence Homologous with Indigenous Human Enterovirus Species C in the Viral Polymerase Coding Region J. Virol., October 15, 2005; 79(20): 12650 - 12657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Laine, C. Savolainen, S. Blomqvist, and T. Hovi Phylogenetic analysis of human rhinovirus capsid protein VP1 and 2A protease coding sequences confirms shared genus-like relationships with human enteroviruses J. Gen. Virol., March 1, 2005; 86(3): 697 - 706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL |
| J MED MICROBIOL | ALL SGM JOURNALS | |
