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Specificity of serum neutralizing antibodies induced by transient immune suppression of inapparent carrier ponies infected with a neutralization-resistant equine infectious anemia virus envelope strain

¹ Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
² Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, W1144 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
³ Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA

Correspondence
Ronald C. Montelaro
rmont{at}pitt.edu

It has been previously reported that transient corticosteroid immune suppression of ponies experimentally infected with a highly neutralization resistant envelope variant of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), designated EIAV_PND, resulted in the appearance of type-specific serum antibodies to the infecting EIAV_PND virus. The current study was designed to determine if this induction of serum neutralizing antibodies was associated with changes in the specificity of envelope determinants targeted by serum antibodies or caused by changes in the nature of the antibodies targeted to previously defined surface envelope gp90 V3 and V4 neutralization determinants. To address this question, the envelope determinants of neutralization by post-immune suppression serum were mapped. The results demonstrated that the neutralization sensitivity to post-immune suppression serum antibodies mapped specifically to the surface envelope gp90 V3 and V4 domains, individually or in combination. Thus, these data indicate that the development of serum neutralizing antibodies to the resistant EIAV_PND was due to an enhancement of host antibody responses caused by transient immune suppression and the associated increase in virus replication.

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