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Vaccine-induced protection against Borna disease in wild-type and perforin-deficient mice

Jürgen Hausmann^1,

Karin R. Engelhardt^1,

¹ Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
² Federal Research Center for Virus Diseases of Animals, Institute for Immunology, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany

Correspondence
Peter Staeheli
peter.staeheli{at}uniklinik-freiburg.de

Borna disease virus (BDV) can persistently infect the central nervous system and induce CD8⁺ T-cell-mediated neurological disease in MRL mice. To determine whether specific immune priming would prevent disease, a prime–boost immunization protocol was established in which intramuscular injection of a recombinant parapoxvirus expressing BDV nucleoprotein (BDV-N) was followed by intraperitoneal infection with vaccinia virus expressing BDV-N. Immunized wild-type and perforin-deficient mice remained healthy after intracerebral infection with BDV and contained almost no virus in the brain at 5 weeks post-challenge. Immunization failed to induce resistance against BDV in mice lacking mature CD8⁺ T cells. Immunization of perforin-deficient mice with a poxvirus vector expressing mutant BDV-N lacking the known CD8⁺ T-cell epitope did not efficiently block multiplication of BDV in the brain and did not prevent neurological disease, indicating that vaccine-induced immunity to BDV in wild-type and perforin-deficient mice resulted from the action of CD8⁺ T cells.

Present address: Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Fraunhoferstraße 13, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.

Present address: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.

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