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Experimental infection of sheep with ovine herpesvirus 2 via aerosolization of nasal secretions

Timothy B. Crawford^2,

¹ Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, PO Box 646630, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA
² Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
³ US Sheep Experiment Station, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Dubois, ID, USA

Correspondence
Naomi S. Taus
tausns{at}vetmed.wsu.edu

Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is the causative agent of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in clinically susceptible ruminants, including cattle, bison and deer. Studies of OvHV-2 have been hampered by the lack of an in vitro propagation system. Here, the use of nasal secretions collected from OvHV-2-infected sheep experiencing intense virus shedding episodes as a source of infectious virus for experimental animal infections was examined. OvHV-2 uninfected sheep were nebulized with nasal secretions containing approximately 10⁸ to 10¹ copies of OvHV-2 DNA. The time to detectable viral DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes (7–12 days post-infection) and virus-specific antibody in plasma (9–32 days post-infection) varied with the dose of inocula administered. Here, the use of nasal secretions as a source of infectious OvHV-2 was defined and the minimum infectious dose of a pool of nasal secretions that can be used in further studies of viral pathogenesis and vaccine development was determined.

Present address: Grays Harbor Veterinary Services, 4 Old Beacon Road, Montesano, WA 98563, USA.

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