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The adenovirus capsid: major progress in minor proteins

Virus Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands

Correspondence
Rob C. Hoeben
r.c.hoeben{at}lumc.nl

Human adenoviruses have been the subject of intensive investigation since their discovery in the early 1950s: they have served as model pathogens, as probes for studying cellular processes and, more recently, as efficient gene-delivery vehicles for experimental gene therapy. As a result, a detailed insight into many aspects of adenovirus biology is now available. The capsid proteins and in particular the hexon, penton-base and fibre proteins (the so-called major capsid proteins) have been studied extensively and their structure and function in the virus capsid are now well-defined. On the other hand, the minor proteins in the viral capsid, i.e. proteins IIIa, VI, VIII and IX, have received much less attention. Only the last few years have witnessed a sharp increase in the number of studies on their structure and function. Here, a review of the minor capsid proteins is provided, with a focus on new insights into their position and role in the capsid and the opportunities that they provide for improving human adenovirus-derived gene-delivery vectors.

Published online ahead of print on 24 March 2005 as DOI 10.1099/vir.0.80877-0.

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