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In vivo depletion of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes abrogates protective immunity to African swine fever virus

R. M. E. Parkhouse

Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK

Correspondence
C. A. L. Oura
chris.oura{at}bbsrc.ac.uk

To understand the mechanisms involved in protective immunity to African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection, the observation that infection with the avirulent Portuguese ASFV isolate OUR/T88/3 protects outbred pigs from challenge with the virulent Portuguese ASFV isolate OUR/T88/1 was exploited. It was demonstrated that pigs exposed to OUR/T88/3 and then depleted of CD8⁺ lymphocytes were no longer fully protected from OUR/T88/1 challenge. This indicated that CD8⁺ lymphocytes play an important role in the protective immune response to ASFV infection and that anti-ASFV antibody alone, from OUR/T88/3 infection, was not sufficient to protect pigs from OUR/T88/1 challenge. Inbred pigs of the cc haplotype infected with OUR/T88/3 were not always protected from OUR/T88/1 challenge and developed both viraemia and fever. Such viraemia was always correlated with increased numbers of circulating CD8⁺ lymphocytes, indicating a specific role for CD8⁺ lymphocytes in combating viraemia. These experiments indicate an important role for CD8⁺ lymphocytes, particularly CD8⁺ lymphocytes, in ASF protective immunity.

Present address: Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.

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