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1 French Agency for Food Safety (AFSSA), Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit, OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
2 INSERM U535 Genetic Epidemiology and Structure of Human Populations, 94817 Villejuif Cedex, France
3 Experimental Services for Avian Pathology (SEEPA), BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
4 Virus Genetics and Biosecurity Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
5 CEVA-santé animale, BP 126, 33501 Libourne Cedex, France
Correspondence
Nicolas Eterradossi
n.eterradossi{at}ploufragan.afssa.fr
The purpose of this study was to compare the molecular epidemiology of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) segments A and B of 50 natural or vaccine IBDV strains that were isolated or produced between 1972 and 2002 in 17 countries from four continents, with phenotypes ranging from attenuated to very virulent (vv). These strains were subjected to sequence and phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of genome segments A and B. Although there is co-evolution of the two genome segments (70 % of strains kept the same genetic relatives in the segment A- and B-defined consensus trees), several strains (26 %) were identified with the incongruence length difference test as exhibiting a significantly different phylogenetic relationship depending on which segment was analysed. This suggested that natural reassortment could have occurred. One of the possible naturally occurring reassortant strains, which exhibited a segment A related to the vvIBDV cluster whereas its segment B was not, was thoroughly sequenced (coding sequence of both segments) and submitted to a standardized experimental characterization of its acute pathogenicity. This strain induced significantly less mortality than typical vvIBDVs; however, the mechanisms for this reduced pathogenicity remain unknown, as no significant difference in the bursal lesions, post-infectious antibody response or virus production in the bursa was observed in challenged chickens.
The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the full sequences of segments A and B of IBDV strain 02015.1 are AJ879932 and AJ880090, respectively. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the partial sequences determined in this study are AJ878882–AJ878913 (segment A) and AJ878638–AJ878687 (segment B) as listed in Supplementary Table S1.
Details of the strains used in this study and the oligonucleotide primers used are available as supplementary material in JGV Online.
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