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1 Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre (JIC), Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
2 Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Katumani Applied Biotechnology Laboratory, PO Box 340, Machakos, Kenya
Correspondence
John Stanley
john.stanley{at}bbsrc.ac.uk
Cassava is a major factor in food security across sub-Saharan Africa. However, the crop is susceptible to losses due to biotic stresses, in particular to viruses of the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) that cause cassava mosaic disease (CMD). During the 1990s, an epidemic of CMD severely hindered cassava production across eastern and central Africa. A significant influence on the appearance of virus epidemics is virus diversity. Here, a survey of the genetic diversity of CMD-associated begomoviruses across the major cassava-growing areas of Kenya is described. Because an initial PCR-restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis identified a much greater diversity of viruses than assumed previously, representative members of the population were characterized by sequence analysis. The full-length sequences of 109 components (68 DNA-A and 41 DNA-B) were determined, representing isolates of East African cassava mosaic virus and East African cassava mosaic Zanzibar virus, as well as a novel begomovirus species for which the name East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus is proposed. The DNA-B components were much less diverse than their corresponding DNA-A components, but nonetheless segregated into western and eastern (coastal) groups. All virus species and strains encountered showed distinct geographical distributions, highlighting the importance of preventing both the movement of viruses between these regions and the importation of the disease from adjacent countries and islands in the Indian Ocean that would undoubtedly encourage further diversification.
The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AJ704934–AJ704974 and AJ717516–AJ717583.
Present address: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
Present address: Plant Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Present address: Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197 Nairobi, Kenya.
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