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The 5' non-translated region of Varroa destructor virus 1 (genus Iflavirus): structure prediction and IRES activity in Lymantria dispar cells

¹ Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 11, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
² Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands

Correspondence
Monique M. van Oers
monique.vanoers{at}wur.nl

Structure prediction of the 5' non-translated region (NTR) of four iflavirus RNAs revealed two types of potential internal ribosome entry site (IRES), which are discriminated by size and level of complexity, in this group of viruses. In contrast to the intergenic IRES of dicistroviruses, the potential 5' IRES structures of iflaviruses do not have pseudoknots. To test the activity of one of these, a bicistronic construct was made in which the 5' NTR of Varroa destructor virus 1 (VDV-1) containing a putative IRES was cloned in between two reporter genes, enhanced green fluorescent protein and firefly luciferase (Fluc). The presence of the 5' NTR of VDV-1 greatly enhanced the expression levels of the second reporter gene (Fluc) in Lymantria dispar Ld652Y cells. The 5' NTR was active in a host-specific manner, as it showed lower activity in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf21 cells and no activity in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells.

A supplementary table showing PCR primers used for cloning reporter plasmids is available in JGV Online.

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