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Isolation and characterization of the first American bottlenose dolphin papillomavirus: Tursiops truncatus papillomavirus type 2

¹ Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Division of Marine Mammal Research and Conservation, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
² James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Laboratory of Vaccinology, University of Louisville, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
³ Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
⁴ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Ocean Service/Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC 29412, USA

Correspondence
Manuela Rehtanz
Manuela.Rehtanz{at}gmx.de

A novel papillomavirus (PV) was isolated from a genital condyloma of a free-ranging bottlenose dolphin inhabiting the coastal waters of Charleston Harbor, SC, USA: Tursiops truncatus papillomavirus type 2 (TtPV2). This novel virus represents the first isolated North American cetacean PV and the first American bottlenose dolphin PV. After the viral genome was cloned, sequenced and characterized genetically, phylogenetic analyses revealed that TtPV2 is most similar to the only published cetacean PV isolated and characterized thus far, Phocoena spinipinnis PV type 1 (PsPV1). A striking feature of the genome of TtPV2, as well as that of PsPV1, is the lack of an E7 open reading frame, which typically encodes one of the oncogenic proteins believed to be responsible for malignant transformation in the high-risk mucosotropic human papillomaviruses (HPVs). TtPV2 E6 contains a PDZ-binding motif that has been shown to be involved in transformation in the case of high-risk genital HPVs.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the genome sequence reported in this paper is NC_008184.

Detailed methods and a table containing GenBank accession numbers of sequences used for phylogenetic analysis are available as supplementary material in JGV Online.

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