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Genetic diversity of small-ruminant lentiviruses: characterization of Norwegian isolates of Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus

Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway

Correspondence
Britt Gjerset
britt.gjerset{at}veths.no

Small-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), including Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in goats and maedi-visna virus (MVV) in sheep, are lentiviruses that, despite overall similarities, show considerable genetic variation in regions of the SRLV genome. To gain further knowledge about the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among field isolates of SRLVs occurring in geographically distinct areas, the full-length genomic sequence of a CAEV isolate (CAEV-1GA) and partial env sequences obtained from Norwegian CAEV-infected goats were determined. The genome of CAEV-1GA consisted of 8919 bp. Alignment studies indicated significant diversity from published SRLV sequences. Deletions and hypervariability in the 5' part of the env gene have implications for the size of the proposed CAEV-1GA Rev protein and the encoded surface glycoprotein (SU). The variable regions in the C-terminal part of SU obtained from Norwegian CAEV isolates demonstrate higher sequence divergence than has been described previously for SRLVs. Phylogenetic analysis based on SU sequences gives further support for a unique group designation. The results described here reveal a distant genetic relationship between Norwegian CAEV and other SRLVs and demonstrate that there is more geographical heterogeneity among SRLVs than reported previously.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AF322109 for full-length CAEV-1GA and DQ015910–DQ015916 for 26KE.1, 26KE.2, G623, G806, G922, LM30 and 1GA partial env sequences, respectively.

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