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J Gen Virol 87 (2006), 977-986; DOI 10.1099/vir.0.81552-0

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© 2006 Society for General Microbiology

Phylogeny, recombination and expression of porcine endogenous retrovirus {gamma}2 nucleotide sequences

Nikolai Klymiuk1,2,{dagger}, Mathias Müller1, Gottfried Brem2 and Bernhard Aigner3

1 Institut für Tierzucht und Genetik, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, A-1210 Wien, Austria
2 ApoGene Biotechnologie, D-86567 Hilgertshausen, Germany
3 Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Tierzucht und Biotechnologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany

Correspondence
Nikolai Klymiuk
n.klymiuk{at}gen.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de

Endogenous retroviral sequences in the pig genome represent a potential infectious risk in xenotransplantation. Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) {gamma} sequences described to date have been classified into several families. The known infectious, human-tropic PERVs have been assigned to the PERV {gamma}1 subfamilies A, B and C. High copy numbers and full-length clones have also been observed for an additional family, designated PERV {gamma}2. The aim of this study was to examine the PERV {gamma}2 family by analysis of retroviral pro/pol gene sequences. The proviral load was observed to be similar among various pig breeds. Although clones harbouring an open reading frame in the examined region were found, analysis of published large PERV {gamma}2 clones revealed multiple deleterious mutations in each of the retroviral genes. Various recombination events between {gamma}2 genomes were revealed. In contrast to PERV {gamma}1, phylogenetic analyses did not distinguish defined subfamilies, but indicated the independent evolution of the proviruses after a single event of retroviral amplification. Expression analysis showed large PERV {gamma}2 transcripts and variable transcription in several tissues. Analysis of the two published {gamma}2 env gene sequences observed the partial lack of the receptor-binding domain. Overall, this study indicated the low infectious potential for PERV {gamma}2.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the sequences determined in this work are DQ084470 (clone g63), DQ084471 (g620), DQ084472 (g61), DQ084473 (g68x), DQ084474 (g611), DQ084475 (g617), DQ084476 (g619), DQ084477 (m2116), DQ084478 (m2118) and DQ084479 (g618x).

{dagger}Present address: Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Tierzucht und Biotechnologie, Moorversuchsgut, Hackerstraße 27, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.




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