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Rotavirus spike protein VP5* binds 21 integrin on the cell surface and competes with virus for cell binding and infectivity

¹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
² The University of California, Davis, UC Davis Medical Center, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA

Correspondence
Barbara S. Coulson
barbarac{at}unimelb.edu.au

Rotaviruses recognize several cell-surface molecules, including the 21 integrin, and the processes of rotavirus cell attachment and entry appear to be multifactorial. The VP5* subunit of the rotavirus spike protein VP4 contains the 21 ligand sequence Asp–Gly–Glu at residues 308–310. Binding to 21 and infectivity of monkey rotavirus strain RRV and human rotavirus strain Wa, but not porcine rotavirus strain CRW-8, are inhibited by peptides containing Asp–Gly–Glu. Asp308 and Gly309 are necessary for the binding of RRV VP5* (aa 248–474) to expressed I domain of the 2 integrin subunit. Here, the ability of RRV VP5* to bind cells and affect rotavirus–integrin interactions was determined. Interestingly, VP5* bound to cells at 4 and 37 °C, both via 21 and independently of this integrin. Prior VP5* binding at 37 °C eliminated RRV binding to cellular 21 and reduced RRV and Wa infectivity in MA104 cells by 38–46 %. VP5* binding did not affect the infectivity of CRW-8. VP5* binding at 4 °C did not affect permissive-cell infection by RRV, indicating an energy requirement for VP5* competition with virus for infectivity. Mutagenesis of VP5* Asp308 and Gly309 eliminated VP5* binding to 21 and the VP5* inhibition of rotavirus cell binding and infection, but not 21-independent cell binding by VP5*. These studies show for the first time that expressed VP5* binds cell-surface 21 using Asp308 and Gly309 and inhibits the infection of homologous and heterologous rotaviruses that use 21 as a receptor.

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