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Silencing T cells or T-cell silencing: concepts in virus-induced immunosuppression

¹ Institute for Virology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
² Institut für Virologie des Universitätsklinikums Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany

Correspondence
Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies
s-s-s{at}vim.uni-wuerzburg.de

The ability to evade or suppress the host's immune response is a property of many viruses, indicating that this provides an advantage for the pathogen to spread efficiently or even to establish a persistent infection. The type and complexity of its genome and cell tropism but also its preferred type of host interaction are important parameters which define the strategy of a given virus to modulate the immune system in an optimal manner. Because they take a central position in any antiviral defence, the activation and function of T cells are the predominant target of many viral immunosuppressive regimens. In this review, two different strategies whereby this could be achieved are summarized. Retroviruses can infect professional antigen-presenting cells and impair their maturation and functional properties. This coincides with differentiation and expansion of silencing T cells referred to as regulatory T cells with suppressive activity, mainly to CD8⁺ effector T cells. The second concept, outlined for measles virus, is a direct, contact-mediated silencing of T cells which acquire a transient paralytic state.

Published online ahead of print on 3 March 2006 as DOI 10.1099/vir.0.81713-0.

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