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Vaccinia virus strain Western Reserve protein B14 is an intracellular virulence factor

Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK

Correspondence
Geoffrey L. Smith
glsmith{at}imperial.ac.uk

A characterization of the B14R gene from Vaccinia virus (VACV) strain Western Reserve (WR) is presented. Computational analyses of the B14R gene indicated high conservation in orthopoxviruses but no orthologues outside the Poxviridae. To characterize the B14 protein, the B14R gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and recombinant protein was purified and used to generate a rabbit polyclonal antiserum. This antiserum recognized a 15 kDa cytoplasmic protein in mammalian cells that were transfected with the B14R gene or infected with VACV WR, but not from cells infected with a VACV mutant (vB14) from which the B14R gene was deleted. Compared to wild-type and revertant virus controls, vB14 had normal growth kinetics in cell culture. The virulence of vB14 was assessed in two in vivo models. Mice infected intranasally with vB14 had similar weight loss compared to the controls, but in C57BL/6 mice infected intradermally vB14 induced a smaller lesion size compared with controls. Moreover, intradermal infection with vB14 caused an increased infiltration of cells into the infected lesion despite the smaller lesion size. Therefore, B14 is an intracellular protein that is non-essential for virus replication in cell culture but contributes to virus virulence in vivo and affects the host response to infection.

Published online ahead of print on as DOI 10.1099/vir.0.81736-0.

Supplementary figures showing analysis of recombinant VACV genomes, growth kinetics of vB14 and the affect of virus virulence in a murine intranasal model are available as supplementary material in JGV Online.

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