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Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by arginine deiminase of Mycoplasma arginini

¹ Department of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
² Japanese Foundation for AIDS Prevention, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan

Correspondence
Mari Kannagi
kann.impt{at}tmd.ac.jp

It was found previously that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-irrelevant CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from uninfected donors suppressed HIV-1 replication in a cell-contact-dependent manner. However, one of these CTL lines (CTL-3) also significantly suppressed HIV-1 replication through its supernatant. Here, the suppressive fraction from CTL-3 supernatant was purified and analysed by mass spectrometry. A protein band specific for the suppressive fraction was identified as arginine deiminase from Mycoplasma arginini, which catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine to citrulline. Addition of L-arginine or the use of antibiotics against mycoplasma restored supernatant-mediated but not cell-contact-dependent suppression of HIV-1 replication by CTL-3, clearly indicating that arginine deiminase of M. arginini in the supernatants suppressed HIV-1 replication, which is independent of CD8⁺ T-cell-mediated HIV-1 suppression via cell contact. Arginine deiminase is known to be a chemotherapeutic agent against arginine-requiring tumours and these results suggest that it also has potential application in antiviral therapy.