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Intraspecific bovine herpesvirus 1 recombinants carrying glycoprotein E deletion as a vaccine marker are virulent in cattle

François Meurens^1,

¹ Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium
² Division of Animal Virology, CER Group, B-6900 Marloie, Belgium
³ Department of Animal Production, Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium

Correspondence
Etienne Thiry
etienne.thiry{at}ulg.ac.be

Vaccines used in control programmes of Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) utilize highly attenuated BoHV-1 strains marked by a deletion of the glycoprotein E (gE) gene. Since BoHV-1 recombinants are obtained at high frequency in experimentally coinfected cattle, the consequences of recombination on the virulence of gE-negative BoHV-1 were investigated. Thus, gE-negative BoHV-1 recombinants were generated in vitro from several virulent BoHV-1 and one mutant BoHV-1 deleted in the gC and gE genes. Four gE-negative recombinants were tested in the natural host. All the recombinants were more virulent than the gE-negative BoHV-1 vaccine and the gC- and gE-negative parental BoHV-1. The gE-negative recombinant isolated from a BoHV-1 field strain induced the highest severe clinical score. Latency and reactivation studies showed that three of the recombinants were reexcreted. Recombination can therefore restore virulence of gE-negative BoHV-1 by introducing the gE deletion into a different virulence background.

Detection of latent BoHV-1 DNA in trigeminal ganglion is available as supplementary material and figures in JGV Online.

Present address: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E3, Canada.

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				B. Muylkens, F. Farnir, F. Meurens, F. Schynts, A. Vanderplasschen, M. Georges, and E. Thiry Coinfection with Two Closely Related Alphaherpesviruses Results in a Highly Diversified Recombination Mosaic Displaying Negative Genetic Interference J. Virol., April 1, 2009; 83(7): 3127 - 3137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]