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J Gen Virol 88 (2007), 2679-2685; DOI 10.1099/vir.0.82992-0

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Short Communication

Complete-genome analysis of hepatitis B virus from wild-born chimpanzees in central Africa demonstrates a strain-specific geographical cluster

Maria Makuwa1, Sandrine Souquière1, Olivier Bourry1, Pierre Rouquet1, Paul Telfer1, Philippe Mauclère2, Mirdad Kazanji1, Pierre Roques3 and François Simon4

1 Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Unité de Rétrovirologie et Centre de Primatologie, Franceville, Gabon
2 Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Sénégal
3 Service de Neurologie, Commissariat Energie Atomique, Fontenay aux Roses, France
4 Hôpital St Louis, Service de Microbiologie, Paris, France

Correspondence
Maria Makuwa
mmakuwa{at}yahoo.com

In order to determine whether geographical or species clustering accounts for the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in subspecies of chimpanzees in Africa, four complete chimpanzee HBV (ChHBV) genome sequences were obtained from eight hepatitis B surface antigen-positive wild-born chimpanzees from Cameroon, Republic of Congo and Gabon. The serological profiles of these chimpanzees corresponded to the acute or chronic highly replicative phase of HBV infection, as confirmed by high plasma HBV loads. Analysis of the sequence alignment of 256 aa (S region) from the eight HBV-infected chimpanzees allowed us to determine the HBV amino acid patterns specific to each chimpanzee subspecies and to their geographical origin. Phylogenetic analysis of both the S region and the complete genome confirmed this distinctive clustering of eight novel ChHBV strains within Pan troglodytes. The strong phylogenetic associations of ChHBV sequences with both chimpanzee subspecies and their geographical origin were therefore confirmed.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the ChHBV sequences determined in this study are AM396402, AM396403, AM396406, AM396407 and AM117394–AM117397.






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