HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplementary Material Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by McDonald, N. J. Articles by Cox, N. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by McDonald, N. J. Articles by Cox, N. J. Agricola Articles by McDonald, N. J. Articles by Cox, N. J.

Antigenic drift in the evolution of H1N1 influenza A viruses resulting from deletion of a single amino acid in the haemagglutinin gene

Influenza Division, Coordinating Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

Correspondence
Natalie J. McDonald
Natalie.McDonald{at}cdc.hhs.gov

Two genetically distinct lineages of H1N1 influenza A viruses, circulated worldwide before 1994, were antigenically indistinguishable. In 1994, viruses emerged in China, including A/Beijing/262/95, with profound antigenic differences from the contemporary circulating H1N1 strains. Haemagglutinin sequence comparisons of either a predecessor virus, A/Hebei/52/94, or one representative of the cocirculating A/Bayern/7/95-like clade, A/Shenzhen/227/95, revealed a deletion of K at position 134 (H3 numbering) in the antigenic variants. The K134 deletion conferred a selective advantage to the Chinese deletion lineage, such that it eventually gave rise to currently circulating H1 viruses. Using reverse genetics to generate viruses with either an insertion or deletion of aa 134, we have confirmed that the K134 deletion, rather than a constellation of sublineage specific amino acid changes, was sufficient for the antigenic difference observed in the Chinese deletion lineage, and reinsertion of K134 revealed the requirement of a compatible neuraminidase surface glycoprotein for viral growth.

Published online ahead of print on 6 September 2007 as DOI 10.1099/vir.0.83184-0.

Supplementary material is available with the online version of this paper.

The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Coordinating Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				N. Liu, G. Wang, K. C. Lee, Y. Guan, H. Chen, and Z. Cai Mutations in influenza virus replication and transcription: detection of amino acid substitutions in hemagglutinin of an avian influenza virus (H1N1) FASEB J, October 1, 2009; 23(10): 3377 - 3382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Zhang, W. Li, Y. Li, H. Li, B. Wang, F. Wang, Y. Zhu, Z. Jiang, L. Zhong, and M. Li Immune effects against influenza A virus and a novel DNA vaccine with co-expression of haemagglutinin- and neuraminidase-encoding genes J. Med. Microbiol., July 1, 2009; 58(7): 845 - 854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]