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Baculovirus envelope fusion proteins F and GP64 exploit distinct receptors to gain entry into cultured insect cells

Peter Uijtdewilligen

Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 11, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands

Correspondence
Just M. Vlak
just.vlak{at}wur.nl

Group II nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs), e.g. Helicoverpa armigera (Hear) NPV and Spodoptera exigua (Se) MNPV (multiple NPV), lack a GP64-like protein that is present in group I NPVs, e.g. Autographa californica (Ac)MNPV, but have an unrelated envelope fusion protein named F. Three AcMNPV viruses were constructed by introducing AcMNPV gp64, HearNPV f or SeMNPV f genes, respectively, into a gp64-negative AcMNPV bacmid. Sf21 cells were incubated with different amounts of inactivated budded virus to occupy receptors and were subsequently infected with a fixed amount of infectious virus to compete for attachment. The results suggest that GP64 and F act on their own and use different receptors, while the two different F proteins exploit the same receptor. Additionally, gp64-null AcMNPV pseudotyped with baculovirus F was, in contrast to GP64, unable to transduce mammalian cells, indicating that mammalian cells do not possess baculovirus F protein receptors despite the structural similarity of baculovirus F to vertebrate viral fusion proteins.

Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

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