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Genital warts in Burmeister's porpoises: characterization of Phocoena spinipinnis papillomavirus type 1 (PsPV-1) and evidence for a second, distantly related PsPV

¹ Cetacean Conservation Medicine Group (CMED), CEPEC/Museo de Delfines, Waldspielplatz 11, 82319 Starnberg, Germany
² Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
³ Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
⁴ Nuclear Research Centre (SCK-CEN), 200 Boeretang, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
⁵ Asociación ProDelphinus, Pasaje Octavio Bernal 572-5, Lima 11, Peru

Correspondence
Marie-Françoise Van Bressem
marievanbressem{at}yahoo.co.uk
Gérard Orth
gorth{at}pasteur.fr

We identified sequences from two distantly related papillomaviruses in genital warts from two Burmeister's porpoises, including a PV antigen-positive specimen, and characterized Phocoena spinipinnis papillomavirus type 1 (PsPV-1). The PsPV-1 genome comprises 7879 nt and presents unusual features. It lacks an E7, an E8 and a bona fide E5 open reading frame (ORF) and has a large E6 ORF. PsPV-1 L1 ORF showed the highest percentage of nucleotide identity (54–55 %) with human papillomavirus type 5, bovine papillomavirus type 3 (BPV-3) and Tursiops truncatus papillomavirus type 2 (TtPV-2). This warrants the classification of PsPV-1 as the prototype of the genus Omikronpapillomavirus. PsPV-1 clustered with TtPV-2 in the E6 and E1E2 phylogenetic trees and with TtPV-2 and BPV-3 in the L2L1 tree. This supports the hypothesis that PV evolution may not be monophyletic across all genes.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession nos of the sequences reported in this paper are AJ238373, AJ006300 and AJ006301.

Supplementary data are available with the online version of this paper.