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J Gen Virol 89 (2008), 2986-2991; DOI 10.1099/vir.0.2008/003947-0

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Short Communication

Vaccinia virus: shedding and horizontal transmission in a murine model

Jaqueline Maria Siqueira Ferreira1,{dagger}, Jônatas Santos Abrahão1,{dagger}, Betânia Paiva Drumond1, Fernando Meireles Oliveira1, Pedro Augusto Alves1, Marcelo Antônio Pascoal-Xavier1, Zélia Inês Portela Lobato2, Cláudio Antônio Bonjardim1, Paulo César Peregrino Ferreira1 and Erna Geessien Kroon1

1 Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
2 Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

Correspondence
Erna Geessien Kroon
masc.egk{at}terra.com.br
or
kroone{at}icb.ufmg.br

Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been associated with several bovine vaccinia outbreaks in Brazil, affecting cattle and humans. There are no available data about VACV environmental circulation or the role of wildlife in the emergence of an outbreak. Since VACV was isolated from rodents in Brazil, we investigated shedding and transmission of VACV strains in mice. The VACV excretion profile was assessed by PCR and chicken chorioallantoic membrane infection, revealing viral DNA and infectious virus in the faeces and urine of intranasally infected mice. Horizontal transmission was assessed by exposure of sentinel mice to wood shavings contaminated with excrement, to mimic a natural infection. Sentinel mice showed orthopoxvirus antibodies, and VACV DNA and infectious virus were detected in their faeces and intestines, even after six rounds of natural transmission. Together, these data suggest that murine excrement could play a relevant role in VACV spread and transmission, perhaps helping to explain how these viruses circulate between their natural hosts.

{dagger}These authors contributed equally to this work.






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