HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplementary Material Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by See, R. H. Articles by Roper, R. L. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by See, R. H. Articles by Roper, R. L. Agricola Articles by See, R. H. Articles by Roper, R. L.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine efficacy in ferrets: whole killed virus and adenovirus-vectored vaccines

Raymond H. See^1,

Catherine P. Y. Mok^1,

Thomas Rowe^2,

Lois A. Zitzow^2,

¹ University of British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
² Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
³ Departments of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
⁴ Michael Smith Laboratories and Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
⁵ Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA

Correspondence
Rachel L. Roper
roperr{at}ecu.edu

Although the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak was controlled, repeated transmission of SARS coronavirus (CoV) over several years makes the development of a SARS vaccine desirable. We performed a comparative evaluation of two SARS vaccines for their ability to protect against live SARS-CoV intranasal challenge in ferrets. Both the whole killed SARS-CoV vaccine (with and without alum) and adenovirus-based vectors encoding the nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) protein induced neutralizing antibody responses and reduced viral replication and shedding in the upper respiratory tract and progression of virus to the lower respiratory tract. The vaccines also diminished haemorrhage in the thymus and reduced the severity and extent of pneumonia and damage to lung epithelium. However, despite high neutralizing antibody titres, protection was incomplete for all vaccine preparations and administration routes. Our data suggest that a combination of vaccine strategies may be required for effective protection from this pathogen. The ferret may be a good model for SARS-CoV infection because it is the only model that replicates the fever seen in human patients, as well as replicating other SARS disease features including infection by the respiratory route, clinical signs, viral replication in upper and lower respiratory tract and lung damage.

Present address: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L, Canada.

Present address: International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Division of Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China.

Present address: Animal Resources Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

||Present address: Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.

A supplementary figure is available with the online version of this paper.