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The Virus Envelope in Cell Attachment

Department of Microbiology University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas

The mechanism of penetration and uncoating of enveloped animal viruses has recently been the subject of renewed controversy. Electron microscopic studies have led a number of investigators to conclude that penetration takes place by cellular engulfment (viropexis) of intact virus particles (Dales & Choppin, 1962; Mussgay & Weibel, 1962; Dales, 1963; Simpson, Hauser & Dales, 1969). Other investigators have concluded that enveloped animal viruses penetrate by fusion of the virus envelope with the host cell plasma membrane (Morgan & Howe, 1968; Morgan, Rose & Mednis, 1968a, b; Heine & Schnaitman, 1969). We now report on the role of the Sindbis virus envelope in the attachment of virus to host cells.

Friedman & Berezesky (1967) and Sreevalsan & Allen (1968) noted that nucleocapsid components obtained from cytoplasmic extracts of arbovirus-infected cells or by detergent treatment of intact virus particles were non-infective for chicken embryo cells. However, the RNA released from arboviruses by detergent treatment is infective when assayed appropriately (Richter & Wecker, 1963; Nakamura & Eguchi, 1968).

Received 13 January 1970; accepted 5 August 1970.