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Yemen and Vietnam capripoxviruses demonstrate a distinct host preference for goats compared with sheep

¹ National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg MB, Canada
² University of Manitoba, Department of Immunology, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 730 William Avenue, Winnipeg MB, Canada
³ CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Private Bag 24, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
⁴ Department of Animal Health of Vietnam, Regional Animal Health Centre, 124 Pham The Hien Street, District 8, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Correspondence
Shawn Babiuk
babiuks{at}inspection.gc.ca

Sheeppox and goatpox are caused by viruses that are members of the genus Capripoxvirus, and globally result in significant production losses. To improve the understanding of disease pathogenesis and evaluate host species preferences, sheep and goats were inoculated either with a capripoxvirus isolate from Yemen or from a recent outbreak in Vietnam. Blood, swabs and tissues were collected at various time points following experimental challenge and assessed for viral DNA content using real-time PCR and infectivity using virus isolation. The Yemen isolate was considerably more pathogenic in goats with 100 % mortality and morbidity compared with sheep with 0 % mortality and 100 % morbidity. The Vietnam isolate was also more pathogenic in goats with 100 % morbidity and an estimated 33 % mortality rate compared with mild morbidity and a 0 % mortality rate in sheep. Higher viral titres were observed in nasal, oral and conjunctival swabs from goats inoculated with either the Yemen or Vietnam isolate compared with those collected from sheep. Although the highest viral titres were detected in primary and secondary skin lesions in sheep and goats, the severity of clinical disease observed in each species varied according to the inoculum used. Whereas both the Yemen and Vietnam isolates clearly caused more severe disease in goats, the Yemen isolate was also moderately pathogenic in sheep. The Vietnam isolate, in contrast, caused only very mild disease in sheep. Limited DNA sequencing revealed ORF 074 of the Vietnam isolate to be identical to that of several goatpox virus isolates from China, suggesting a possible Chinese origin.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are EU625262 and EU625263.

Supplementary tables are available with the online version of this paper.

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