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Serological relationship between cutaneous human papillomavirus types 5, 8 and 92

¹ Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
² Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
³ Department of Medical Microbiology, Malmoe University Hospital, Lund University, Malmoe, Sweden
⁴ Unité postulante de Génétique, Papillomavirus et Cancer Humain, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Correspondence
Reinhard Kirnbauer
reinhard.kirnbauer{at}meduniwien.ac.at

Evidence of a possible association of cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) types, especially members of the genus Betapapillomavirus, and the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is accumulating. Vaccination with virus-like particles (VLPs) consisting of self-assembled L1, the major capsid protein, has been introduced to control anogenital HPV infection. This study examined the serological relationship between betapapillomavirus (β-PV) types 5 and 8 and the new type HPV-92, which has recently been isolated from a basal cell carcinoma containing a high number of viral genomes. Following expression by recombinant baculoviruses, the L1 protein of HPV-92 self-assembled into VLPs that elicited high-titre antibodies after immunization, similar to VLPs from HPV-5 and -8. Haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays were used as a surrogate method for the detection of virion-neutralizing antibodies, which correlates with protection from infection. Antisera raised against HPV-5 and -8 VLPs displayed HAI activity not only against the homologous type, but also against heterologous HPV types 5, 8 and 92, whereas HAI activity of antisera against HPV-92 VLP was restricted to the homologous type. The results of neutralization assays using HPV-5 pseudovirions were consistent with those from HAI assays. Cross-neutralizing immune responses by VLP vaccination against heterologous HPV types may provide broader protection against the multiplicity of HPV types detected in NMSC. If a close link to HPV infection can be conclusively established, these results may provide a basis for further evaluation of VLPs of β-PVs as candidates for a prophylactic skin-type HPV vaccine, aimed at reducing the incidence of NMSC.