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J Gen Virol 90 (2009), 74-78; DOI 10.1099/vir.0.005389-0

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Short Communication

Herpes simplex virus infection is sensed by both Toll-like receptors and retinoic acid-inducible gene- like receptors, which synergize to induce type I interferon production

Simon B. Rasmussen1,{dagger}, Søren B. Jensen1,{dagger}, Christoffer Nielsen1, Emanuel Quartin1, Hiroki Kato2, Zhijian J. Chen3, Robert H. Silverman4, Shizuo Akira2 and Søren R. Paludan1

1 Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
2 Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
3 Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
4 Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

Correspondence
Søren R. Paludan
srp{at}microbiology.au.dk

The innate antiviral response is initiated by pattern recognition receptors, which recognize viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Here we show that retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptors (RLRs) in cooperation with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 is required for expression of type I interferons (IFNs) after infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV). Our work also identified RNase L as a critical component in IFN induction. Moreover, we found that TLR9 and RLRs activate distinct, as well as overlapping, intracellular signalling pathways. Thus, RLRs are important for recognition of HSV infection, and cooperate with the Toll pathway to induce an antiviral response.

{dagger}These authors contributed equally to this work.




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