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Identification of species-specific and cross-reactive epitopes in human polyomavirus capsids using monoclonal antibodies

¹ Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
² Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
³ Department of Pathology, Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, USA
⁴ Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Correspondence
Parmjeet Randhawa
randhawapa{at}upmc.edu

The human antibody response to polyomavirus capsid proteins is not well characterized. Recombinant BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV) and simian virus 40 (SV40) virus-like particles (VLP) were produced in a baculovirus system, and mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to these proteins were generated using standard methods. Nine of 12 BKV mAbs showed neutralizing activity. The non-neutralizing antibodies also bound BKV pseudocapsids in an ELISA binding assay. Most antibodies recognized conformational species-specific epitopes, but several exceptions were found: (i) BKV mAb BK-F11 cross-reacted with a linear buried epitope common to both JCV and SV40 pseudocapsids, (ii) two of six JCV antibodies (JC-6.7 and JC-7.9) and two of 13 SV40 antibodies (VP1-H2 and VP1-I2) recognized linear buried epitopes common to all three viruses and (iii) SV40 antibody VP1-E5 recognized a linear surface epitope on JCV pseudocapsids.