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Originally published as JGV in Press, 10.1099/vir.0.007807-0 on March 4, 2009 J Gen Virol 90 (2009), 935-943; DOI 10.1099/vir.0.007807-0

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Diversity of the G3 genes of human rotaviruses in isolates from Spain from 2004 to 2006: cross-species transmission and inter-genotype recombination generates alleles

Jorge Martínez-Laso1, Angela Román1, Miriam Rodriguez1, Isabel Cervera1, Jacqueline Head2, Iciar Rodríguez-Avial2 and Juan J. Picazo2

1 Unidad de Inmunoterapia Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
2 Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Clínico de San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain

Correspondence
Jorge Martínez-Laso
jmlaso{at}isciii.es

Rotavirus evolves by using multiple genetic mechanisms which are an accumulation of spontaneous point mutations and reassortment events. Other mechanisms, such as cross-species transmission and inter-genotype recombination, may be also involved. One of the most interesting genotypes in the accumulation of these events is the G3 genotype. In this work, six new Spanish G3 sequences belonging to 0–2-year-old patients from Madrid were analysed and compared with 160 others of the same genotype obtained from humans and other host species to establish the evolutionary pathways of the G3 genotype. The following results were obtained: (i) there are four different lineages of the G3 genotype which have evolved in different species; (ii) Spanish G3 rotavirus sequences are most similar to the described sequences that belong to lineage I; (iii) several G3 genotype alleles were reassigned as other G genotypes; and (iv) inter-genotype recombination events in G3 viruses involving G1 and G2 were described. These findings strongly suggest multiple inter-species transmission events between different non-human mammalian species and humans.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the nucleotide sequences obtained in this paper are EU159186, EU159187, EU159188, EU159189, EU159190, and EU159191.

A supplementary table and two supplementary figures are available with the online version of this paper.






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