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Originally published as JGV in Press, 10.1099/vir.0.006692-0 on March 4, 2009 J Gen Virol 90 (2009), 970-977; DOI 10.1099/vir.0.006692-0

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Conservation and variation of the parapoxvirus GM-CSF-inhibitory factor (GIF) proteins

D. Deane1, N. Ueda2, L. M. Wise2, A. R. Wood1, A. Percival1, C. Jepson1, N. F. Inglis1, S. B. Fleming2, A. A. Mercer2 and C. J. McInnes1

1 Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
2 Virus Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

Correspondence
C. J. McInnes
mcinc{at}mri.sari.ac.uk

The GIF protein of orf virus (ORFV) binds and inhibits the ovine cytokines granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). An equivalent protein has so far not been found in any of the other poxvirus genera and we therefore investigated whether it was conserved in the parapoxviruses. The corresponding genes from both the bovine-specific pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) and bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) were cloned and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequences of the PCPV and BPSV proteins shared 88 and 37 % identity, respectively, with the ORFV protein. Both retained the six cysteine residues and the WSXWS-like motif that are required for biological activity of the ORFV protein. However, an analysis of the biological activity of the two recombinant proteins revealed that, whilst the PCPV GIF protein bound to both ovine and bovine GM-CSF and IL-2 with very similar binding affinities to the ORFV GIF protein, no GM-CSF- or IL-2-binding activity was found for the BPSV protein.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the sequences of the PCPV and BPSV GIF genes are EU999744 and EU999745, respectively.

Supplementary figures showing ELISA and Northern blotting results are available with the online version of this paper.






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