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Originally published as JGV in Press, 10.1099/vir.0.006924-0 on March 25, 2009 Originally published as JGV in Press, 10.1099/vir.0.006924-0 on March 18, 2009 J Gen Virol 90 (2009), 1592-1599; DOI 10.1099/vir.0.006924-0

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Downregulation of vaccinia virus intermediate and late promoters by host transcription factor YY1

Bruce A. Knutson{dagger}, Jaewook Oh{ddagger} and Steven S. Broyles

Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

Correspondence
Steven S. Broyles
broyles{at}purdue.edu

Approximately half of the intermediate and late gene transcriptional promoters of vaccinia virus have a binding site for the cellular transcription factor YY1 that overlaps the initiator elements. Depletion of YY1 using RNA interference enhanced the activity of these promoters, while overexpression of YY1 repressed their activity. Viral promoter nucleotide replacements that specifically impair the binding of YY1 mostly alleviated the transcriptional repression and correlated with the ability of YY1 to stably interact with the initiator DNAs in vitro. The transcriptional repression activity was localized to the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of the protein. These results indicate that YY1 functions to negatively regulate these vaccinia virus promoters by binding to their initiator elements.

{dagger}Present address: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.

{ddagger}Present address: Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076, USA.






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